Evaluation of energy efficiency in biofuel drying by means of energy and exergy analyses

The calculation of heat consumption is based on the First Law and it gives quantitative information about the energy used in drying. However, it does not pay any attention to the quality of the energy used in drying. To take into account the quality of the energy, attention must be paid to the Second Law, too. Especially in those cases where the energy used in drying may be converted to mechanical work, it is important to consider the Second Law is. In this paper, the energy efficiency of biofuel drying in a pulp and paper mill is evaluated on the basis of energy and exergy analysis. The evaluation is based on the determination of the heat consumption and the irreversibility rate for energy and exergy analysis, respectively. The evaluation methods are applied to two different drying systems, single-stage-drying with partial recycle of spent air, and multi-stage-drying. Both drying systems are also provided with a heat recovery unit in which the inlet air is pre-heated using the outlet air of the dryer. There are two alternative heat sources available for the drying energy, steam at a pressure of 3 bar and water at a temperature of 80 C. The results show that the heat consumption is only dependent to a small extent on the heat source type or the drying system. On the other hand, the irreversibility rate depends to a considerable on the heat source and the drying system. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.